Development of the professional role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Improvement of the expert job - Essay Example I have chosen this scene of training, individualized consideration, since it is the area I took the vast majority of my time learning and had an immense experienced and inclusion with different experts. I will utilize Gibbs Reflective Cycle to talk about this scene, my encounters, my activities, and exercises got the hang of during the training. Using Gibbs Reflective Model, I will address clinical dynamic, the executives, authority and collaboration, designation and oversight of others, quality affirmation, and proceeding with proficient turn of events. I will address the previously mentioned topics comparable to Gibbs Reflective Cycle of how I have created in these territories during my preparation to date. I will likewise utilize Gibbs Reflective Cycle to exhibit my wellness to rehearse and think about my own and expert turn of events, and the aptitudes should have been used so as to upgrade my training. The Gibbs Reflective Model is a six stage cycle organized technique which empowers the understudies to investigate their emotions and contemplations and energizes an activity plan and examination with the point of testing practice and improving information (Brown 2007). The point of this reflection will concentrate on individualized consideration for a patient of a man, who I won't notice the name so as to ensure his namelessness. The reflection will similarly inspect my emotions and musings, assessments, and basic examination of the consideration given to the patient in accordance with the National Health Service. While on arrangement in Emergency and Accident Department, I was appointed a patient under individualized consideration, to record his subsequent essential signs and report my discoveries on a graph. I should watch any decay and report and release or suggest referrals where conceivable as a wellbeing proficient responsible for guaranteeing protected and compelling release of patients from the emergency clinic to their homes. This reflection is lined up with the approaches set up by the 2010 Quality Health Framework. The

English Literature Abstract Expressionism Movement

English Literature Abstract Expressionism Movement Dynamic Expressionism Movement While it was for the most part surrendered that Abstract Expressionism was spent, supplanted by the ascent of moderation and Pop workmanship in the mid 1960s, Gustans work after 1968 flagged the finish of the Idealism that had driven the development. A few specialists, for example, Newman, refered to in (the book); had kept on addressing whether the New York School had existed by any stretch of the imagination, expressing as late as 1965 that: there was never a development in the regular feeling of a style, yet an assortment of individual voices. That is the reason to discussion of the development being dead is absurd. In any case, I have discovered that this book in spite of the fact that it when all is said in done, covers the true data important to frame a sound conclusion, it by the by, meandered aimlessly, leaving the peruser with restricted information that conceptualized a reasonable comprehension. Basically, I thought that it was difficult to peruse, and that in certain spots it likewise rehashed realities. Along these lines, I gave genuine thought to the next recorded books on a similar subject, however further stretched out my exploration to more generalist books that secured the historical backdrop of craftsmanship. In coming back to the content, Abstract Expressionism by Anfam (1990), which offers a but expanded and once in a while muddled excursion through this subject, we can at any rate to some extent discover a few chunks of data that cautiously clarify and talk about a portion of the more extensive ideas of unique expressionism. Yet, to locate the most reasonable and sound realities, I needed to dig profoundly into this volume, which, best case scenario, left the peruser frequently lost and in numerous circular drives, where feelings were losing the power and bearing of their importance due to exceptionally poor signposting methods utilized by the creator. Best case scenario, the helpful and expressive printed subtleties were lost and to re-address this and to have some lucid comprehension of the significance and remaining of conceptual expressionism, I needed to cross reference a considerable lot of the subjects in this book, to different writings, which, best case scenario, permitted me to frame an all encompassing and guided scholastic conclusion on the development. Hence, this book audit will give some painstakingly built suppositions guided by the picked content, however, more completely connected with and coordinated by the beneficial perusing attempted. Survey Anfam (1990) in his work, Abstract Expressionism, recommends that there was a gathering of craftsmen and similarly invested individuals, who established the development. In doing as such, he refers to parts of the cutting edge history of the USA, specifically, the downturn. In augmenting his contention, he likewise uncovers a portion of the numerous equals with the turmoil inside the French expressionism development and similarly babbles to attempt to offer some developmental cross referencing with the numerous expressive styles of different developments of the time. This digressive and once in a while enthusiastic discussion is hampered by an away from of soundness, it leaves as expressed in my presentation, the peruser in numerous a circular drive, with a genuine skirmish of brains to locate some genuine and important data that plainly makes certain about the subject of dynamic expressionism in its weakened structures. Crafted by Pollock is frequently refered to in the content to clarify how specialists utilize their work to show sentiments and feelings, to a limited extent this perspective is clarify and talked about in fine subtleties that permit the peruser to make some cautious educated conclusions. Specifically Anfam (1990) attempts his best to offer through he opening contentions contained in the prologue to the content, a socio-chronicled establishment for his later conversations, for instance: before the subsequent World War opens point of view that enclose the present. In microcosm we may think about of the western political force and culture after 1945. This intriguing and significant conceptualization, offers some attachment to the continuous discussion, setting the social and verifiable scene is essential, in that, the World had quite recently experienced the most wrecking times of current history, leaving a deprivation and yet cruel thought of misfortune that affected upon all parts of society. From this vacuous void, came the improvement of what we know as present day maintainable imaginative abilities that to a limited extent, had the option to bring a genuine kind of communicating feelings through the superb and numerous assorted styles that were rising out of this vacuum. The models could be many, yet for Anfram (1990), it is communicated in his thought that cutting edge organizations, that is business endeavors, turned into a regular event, in that, through dynamic expressionism, uncovered the establishing images of innovation. Generally as indicated by Anfram (1990) it is deserving of note, that the western world, specifically, the USA and UK, rose up out of the demolition of World War I (WWII). In any case, more judiciously, the USA developed as the leaser, sponsor and in the principle broker to the nations crushed by the war. A factor to just rehashed a few decades later. This regularly if not frequently darkened activity by the USA, realized the key and practical changes in commercialization, energized by the consistency and regularly forceful development of industrialization over the Western World. Realizing what we refered to today as present day commercialization. Notwithstanding, what is likewise of critical note, specifically for connecting with specialists, is the ascent in the well known developments of mass culture and present day innovation. Which affected upon a world that had abruptly begun to grow up out of the vacuum of forceful clash. What is liberally obvious from the historical backdrop of workmanship right now, is that, Abstract Expressionism, albeit fresh and present day in its viewpoint, combined with its decent variety, it by and by, needed clear shape, which was in the primary, fuelled by the ever critical negative vibrations that the downturn and war years had summoned. Shaking off this haze of cynicism would take some genuine stun waves to launch another an important development that flagged the beginnings of what we currently know as dynamic expressionism (Gombrich 1984; Levey 1968). The early long stretches of Abstract Expressionism, as per most scholar, (Balken 2005; Polcari 1999; Stangos (ed) 1981 Pickeral 2007); seemed to needed shape against both this over whelming feeling of hopefulness but then another increasingly negative vein, which had been strengthened by the downturn time frame. The lucidity of the pre-sorrow period as found in the imaginative work of Charles Burchfield and Edward Harper, was fuelled by the beginning apprehension that downturn would bring, in this manner, their craft uncovered the styles that piercingly denoted this period. This notional and yet national dread is communicated in a significant number of the writings utilized for this audit, be that as it may, similarly refered to and noted in the center content by Anfram (1990). Strikingly his work arrives at a watershed where we have an intriguing but uncovering talk about the craftsmen of the period. Be that as it may, it isn't hard to locate his specific top pick. He specifically, refers to in his talk, the life and work of Pollock, refering to the numerous and significant ways that his life took and how this affected upon his noteworthy but now and again provocative comprehension of the topical parts of discouragement, one may even say, it is burdensome but then expressive workmanship! The study of Pollock by Anfram (1990), is one of the lighter pieces of this content, in that we are given a preview history of this craftsman, his battles and fights to live and create as an expressive craftsman. Specifically, we locate a point by point history of his lineage, to incorporate the word related angles, childhood and way of life of this Jewish family, set against a setting of his country. Yet, the most noteworthy realities are the manner by which his contention convincingly puts the connections among Pollock and different specialists like: Guston and Benton. This what could be seen a gathering of psyches, motioned to some extent the essential beginnings of Abstract Expressionism as we probably am aware style it. A portion of the realities in the content are entrancing, in that, how life ways converge in the gathering of key characters who make such noteworthy stamps on the scene of workmanship. For instance: Anfram (1990) uncovers how Pollock met Guston before his enrolment in 1930 at the Art Student League in New York, under the heading of Benton. This in itself to the essayist appears to be uncanny but then splendidly positioned in that what came out of the converging of these individual excursions is a stunning advance throughout the entire existence of current craftsmanship. What is in a general sense clear, is that Pollocks own history and childhood uncovers a man who had occupied with and completely encountered the development of melancholy in the entirety of its numerous occasionally obvious and clashing aspects. His excursion is obviously a significant part of crafted by Anfram (1990), who expressively communicates extraordinary enthusiasm for guaranteeing his perusers are educated regarding the significant reality about Pollock, however, in particular, demonstrating how this childhood, made the man and at last the craftsman and his style. It is significant a portion of those realities. Pollock thoroughly understood the downturn as his family needed to insect the Baltic states, as a Jewish family like that of his companions, Rothko Siskind, he would need to settle in another land to guarantee that it would not be so hard for him to investigate his masterful abilities, thus his coming to america was a critical advance in the tale of Abstract Expressionism. For him to have stayed in such a distinct nation, that was reliably occupied with political distress would have changed the focal point of this idea of workmanship as we presently know it. It is likewise genuinely clear that Anfram (1990) has an energy for Guston, in that he similarly sets his peruser on an examination mission from his noteworthy treatment about this craftsman. He expresses that Guston has thoroughly understood persecution and in this manner, in equivalent measure his insight into the partisan development, known as the Klu Klux Klan, whose participation in the 1920 s preceding the 1930s melancholy bested a stunning 5,000,000. In the event that we place both Pollock and Guston close by one another examples rise, in that, Anfram (1990) obviously needs

What are the advantages of essay writing service

What are the advantages of essay writing service Students face many difficulties in their academic life. They need to write the number of assignment writing, case studies, book reviews, essays, research papers, dissertations, thesis papers, term papers etc. Assignments and essays writing are an integral part of a student’s life and quite challenging too. Some students don’t have good writing skills. So they are searching for the best essay writing service provider. There are many problems faced by students to complete their academic assignments. 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Enron And Its Impact On Enron s Downfall Essay - 1492 Words

Abstract recent collapses of high profile business failures like Enron,Worldcom,Parmlat,and Tycohasbeen a subject of great debate among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent past. Enron’s case was the greatest failure in the history of American capitalism and had a major impact on financial markets by causing significant losses to investors. Enron was a company ranked by Fortune as the most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the production to the knowledge economy. Many lessons can we learn from its collapse. In this paper we present an analysis of the factors that contributed to Enron’s rise and failure, underlying the role that energy deregulation and manipulation of financial statements played on Enron’s demise. We summarize some lessons that can be learned in order to prevent another Enron and restore confidence in the financial markets, as well as in the accounting and auditing professions. Introduction Financial statement analysis is a foremost tool in predicting bankruptcy and probability of business failure. It helps investors and creditors to assess growth rates and income prospects to compare investment alternatives and make financial decisions.However, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners highlights the frightful fact that companies can manipulate their financial statements. Such manipulation is financial statement fraud which occurs when the financial statements are prepared or reportedShow MoreRelatedEnron Scandal And Its Ethical Implications1744 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Scandal and Its Ethical Implications Introduction Enron’s collapse in 2002 was perhaps the most shocking and widely publicized ethical violations of all times. Once one of the world’s largest energy company, Enron’s downfall and the demise of its accounting firm Arthur Andersen, highlight corporate America’s moral failings. Enron was charged with substantial accounting frauds by manipulating its major accounts and by masking its massive debts. The company stock that once peaked at $90 was downRead MoreThe Downfalls Of Enron, By Han, Henry959 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors or critical issues presented in the case are the downfalls of Enron, which originated out of Houston Texas by Han, Henry(n.d.). He was one of the highest paid Chief Executive Officers in 1999. This organization was aware of the first gas pipeline company that implied known worldwide. The company covers the world’s leading electricity innovations, personnel management, and risk management processes. Also, further studies the company s dramatic failed complex issues that the forced company toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The Enron Corporation1124 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction We will look at the Enron Corporation and discuss its application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) or in actuality its irresponsible behavior as related to social responsibility. We will revisit what CSR is and discuss Enron’s philosophy regarding its use and function within the corporation. We will discuss the consequences of Enron’s irresponsible behavior and the far reaching effects it had on society. Corporate Social Responsibility are actions taken by a corporationRead MoreEssay on Enrons Fraudulent Accounting and Financial Information992 Words   |  4 Pagesbe wage and pension increases. This report offers information on operating results and financial conditions of companies to stakeholders as well as to shareholders. Any fraudulent financial reporting of a company like Enron for example would have a widespread and severe impact on employees, business acquaintances, investors as well as stakeholders and shareholders if the company went bankrupt. But are financial statements as truthful as they seem? There are many different types of safetyRead MoreEnron Scandal And Its Impact On The Economy Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron scandal was the largest corporate financial scandal ever when it emerged. It took the economy the better part of a year to recover from the damage the Enron controversy caused to the US as a whole. Enron is not fully responsible, but it was a large contributor to the collapse of the stock market in the early 2000’s. In the year following the 9/11 hit to our country and economy the DOW lost close to 4500 points; down to 7500 from almost 12000, it did gain some back, but considering the greatRead MoreEnron And The Natural Gas Industry1542 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Background: Enron, based in Houston, Texas, was founded by Kenneth Lay as an energy and pipeline company in 1985 from the merger of two natural gas pipeline companies, Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. The impetus for Lay to start Enron was the deregulation of the natural gas market in the mid 1980’s, which relaxed the rules on natural gas prices and allowed for more flexible agreements between natural gas producers and pipeline managers. These changes essentially eliminated the practiceRead MoreEnron Was An American Gas Company1480 Words   |  6 Pagesmany people discuss Enron, they immediately associate it with one of the most scandalous accounting scams in history. Enron was an American gas company that arose as the Northern Natural Gas Company in 1931. Internorth was a holding company in headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, purchased the Northern Natural Gas Company and restructured it is 1979. Founder Kenneth Lay formed the company by merging the two companies and created Enron. E nron was founded in 1985, as one of the world s leading electricityRead MoreEnron s Ethics Code Of Enron Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesAbstracts Enron was once one of the largest companies in the world. After many years of using diverse accounting tricks, they finally had to file bankruptcy in December 2001 due to not being able to hide billions in debt. The top 140 executives got paid 680 million in 2001. (CNN Library, 2015). Kenneth Lay as the founder of Enron and Jeffrey Skilling as the chief executive were both convicted in 2006. (Weiss, 2009, p.28). Thousands of workers were left with valueless stock in their pensions whichRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Enron case is well known for being the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history. Thousands of people world-wide lost billions of dollars, lost life savings, and lost their jobs. Due to the vast corruption, greed and the blatant disregard for integrity from the very top of Enron leadership, world markets crumbled and investor confidence in corporate America was severely damaged (Chandra, 2003.) We will look at the accounting fraud committed by Enron executives and interestedRead MoreThe Demise Of The Andersen Accounting1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enron scandal was one of the most notorious bankruptcies of all time. Many people know about the energy titan’s downfall but less realize that it was also one of the biggest auditing blunders in American corporate history, leading to the dissolution of the Arthur Andersen LLP, which at the time was one of the five largest auditing and accountancy partnerships in the world. The most intriguing aspect of this case is that Andersen was eventually cleared by the United States Supreme Court, yet the

The Potential Causes And Possible Treatment Of Exercise...

The potential causes and possible treatment of exercise addiction Unquestionably, physical activity complements the quality of life for an individual, while exercising on a regular basis results in many benefits. Nevertheless despite the great benefit of sport, many experts commonly agree that physical activity may be harmful. One of the unfavourable areas within sport, which is frequently examined by researchers, is exercise addiction. The predominance of exercise addiction is quite rare in reality, but when present conflicting consequences can be calamitous (De Coverley Veale, 1987; Szabo, 2007). Szabo (1998) proposed that those addicted to exercise will experience a more compelling withdrawal than dedicated exercisers. A comprehensive manner to distinguish between both sets of individuals may be through the actions and intentions for exercise of the individuals. Exercise addiction between an athlete which is healthy and an exercise addict may be sharing very similar levels of training; the difference is the mental approach and attitude taken by each individual. The individual addicted to exercise is unable to see the real value in unnecessary exercise and is resolute in pursuing his sport despite it being against his best interest. The definition of exercise addiction is complemented by six common symptoms of exercise addiction: mood modification, salience, withdrawal symptoms, relapse, tolerance and personal conflict (Brown, 1993; Griffiths, 2005).Show MoreRelatedEtiology, Predispositions, And Vulnerabilities1738 Words   |  7 Pageshave been designed to explain the how IAD develops in an individual and how it is then maintained. These models draw from different fields of psychology such to determine different theorised causes for the addiction such as biological factors (such as chemical imbalances making one more susceptible to addiction), psychological predispositions (such as other mental health problems or personality) and social factors (such as culture, socio-economic standing and acceptance of the Internet from others)Read MoreThe Effects Of Gambling Addiction On The Brain1682 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Factors Addictions are known to activate the culmination of sites in the brain that make up the ‘reward centre’ which is responsible for feeling happiness or pleasure through the release of dopamine (Linden, 2011). After repeated exposures, receptors in the brain build a tolerance towards the addiction meaning that there is a need for increased stimulation to provide a similar ‘high’. Eventually behaviour patterns develop so as to avoid withdrawal. At this point addiction is occurring andRead MoreSex Addiction1173 Words   |  5 Pagesday-to-day life cause people to use out of frustration, and others seem to become addicted to things that they subliminally tie to other forms of satisfaction. It has been proven that our genetic make up as well as things we experience early in childhood both contribute to a wide variety of the mannerisms we showcase, and the activities we are prone to taking part in. For example, if an individual is exposed to pornography at an earl y age, it would be easy to establish the foundation for a potential addictionRead MorePalliative Care For End Of Life Patients1450 Words   |  6 Pagesimplemented. Healthcare providers must also be knowledgeable of potential barriers to pain therapy and how to address such barriers in order to provide the most patient-specific and effective treatment possible. The Impact of Pain Management during Palliative Care The experience of pain at the end of one’s life consists of a wide array of origins and interpretations. As a result of the diversity of pain the treatment needs to be specific to the patient experiencing it. It is a veryRead MoreWhy I Chose to Become a Mental Health Counselor Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthe patient so that the patient will feel comfortable speaking about issues that are private or embarrassing. There are many different types of counselors including drug counselors; marriage counselors, grief counselors, job counselors, diet and exercise counselors, and others that can help people improve their lives in different ways. Counselors are trained to offer advice and listen to issues that may be bothering other people. They are not allowed to prescribe medication or expected to provideRead MoreThe Expression Of Recovery Model1147 Words   |  5 Pagesbegan in the addictions field, referring to a person recovering from a drug or alcohol disorder. Emerged in the 1930’s as a grassroots consumer advocacy movement, it was not taken seriously by professionals until in the 1980’s. It was at this time the mental health field therapist realizes that, similar to recovery from an addiction, recovery from a mental illness is also possible. Recovery is describing as a personal centered, that is contested with problems or diseases centered treatment., that worksRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Physical Therapy1593 Words   |  7 Pagesderivative that can be used in therapy for COPD for bronchodilation. Theophylline is also used for treating other respiratory diseases such as asthma. Acetaminophen (brand name Tylenol) is an over-the-counter analgesic that can be used for the treatment of pain from menstrual cramps. Acetaminophen is also used to treat other types of pain and to reduce fever. IV. Pharmacokinetics Clonazepam is administered orally and is rapidly absorbed within 1 to 4 hours. Within this time, it usually reachesRead MoreThe Effect Of Exercise On The Body2597 Words   |  11 Pagescenturies exercise has been a part of the lives of men. Whether through carrying a freshly hunted boar through the forest or riding a bicycle to work, exercise plays a huge role in a vast amount of areas. As man learned more about the body and how everything functioned, he uncovered how many factors play a role in health, including mental health. Doctors normally recommend daily exercise. However, there are other sides of the argument. One can become addicted to exercise. The addiction starts asRead MoreThe Unethical Impacts of Direct to Consumer Drug Advertising1130 Words   |  5 Pagesexaminations has led to a large increase in clinical examination and this makes the pharmaceutical companies happy and helps padding their pockets. Using this type of advertising, these drug companies allow deta ils of a particular drug to spread to a potential patient and then most likely pushed by the doctor upon visit. These types of advertising campaigns are focused on trying to â€Å"enrich† the consumer (Relman p28). Even though this type of advertising campaign allows most drugs to be cheaper overallRead MoreIs Attending The Most Difficult Times For An American Student?1273 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological effects. Students typically struggle to find recourse for help with alcohol on campus. There needs to be more adequate resources for prevention and intervention available to students who struggle with managing stress and anxiety and addiction to alcohol. Sheer amounts of pressure and anxiety overwhelm college students. Usually the first stressors students encounter are on move-in day. The first day of college means leaving home, making new friends, and saying good-bye to parents. A survey

My Parents Taught Me The Value Of An Education Essay

I was born in Delta State, Nigeria. I am one of eight children. My mother was an orphan and my father lost his own father at the age of 7; both my parents grew up in poverty in Nigeria and managed to succeed because of the education they were fortunate to receive. I mention this to illustrate that my parents taught me the value of an education and have provided my siblings and I with the right access to resources to ensure we succeed academically. My family voluntarily migrated to the UK when I was seven years old to avoid death threats made against my parents. We initially lived in Kent, and I attended primary school in Ramsgate. My siblings were one of the few Black students in the school I was the only Black student in my grade. Prior to migration, I was aware of the racial categories in the UK and the US, and the implications of being an African immigrant in the UK, but I did not comprehend the full implications of this until I lived in a country where I was a racial minority. T hankfully, my primary school had other international students, from across the globe, and I had some open-minded British peers and I could thrive and learn about other cultures. This early exposure was a great eye-opener for me – I learnt about racism, classism, and culturally different gender expectations. This was a great learning experience and has informed my interest in studying social justice issues and cultural differences. I was born in Delta State, Nigeria. I am one of eight children.Show MoreRelatedTrue Education : What Motive Is Appeal?1397 Words   |  6 PagesToday, in the present time, what is the trend of the education given? To what motive is appeal most often made? To self-seeking. Much of the education given today, is a perversion of the name itself. In true education the selfish ambition, the greed for power, the disregard for the rights and needs of humanity, that are the curse of our world, find a counter-influence. True education means more than taking a certain course of study. It is broad. It includes the harmonious development of all the physicalRead MoreInfluence Of My Parents Influenced My Life946 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence Both of my parents influenced my life. They instilled self-dignity, integrity and respect. Helping me understand self-dignity, I had to discover my natural uniqueness and embraces them. They did not stress external beauty, I was always total I was as pretty as my actions and attitude. If they were negative and unpleasant, then I would be seen the same way. My parents were loving and affectionate, but they also gave us real talk. Having integrity was a must, without trust in any relationshipRead MoreEssay about Family Values, Personal Values870 Words   |  4 Pages Family Values and Unity There are so many various types of people with different ethnic backgrounds, culture and manner of living that are the cause of distinct values in a family. These families have poor, mediocre or virtuous family values, however what one may consider as a mediocre family value may seem poor to someone else and vice-versa. These family values differ from family to family world-wide. The most significant values are family unity, honesty and education. FamilyRead MoreCulture Is The Values, Attitudes, Customs, Beliefs, And1072 Words   |  5 Pagesis the values, attitudes, customs, beliefs, and habits shared by members of a society (Parrillo, V. N., 2014, p. 26). Culture is known to continuously change through the environment, discoveries, technological advances, natural disasters, inventions and contact with other cultures (Parrillo, V. N., 2014, p.31)..America is culturally diverse. It’s a melting pot to where many cultures meet and blend together over time. Within the world today, they’re many different variations of cultures. My great grandfatherRead MoreThe Value Of Education856 Words   |  4 PagesHassan Bajwa Prof. Lesley Broder English 24 8 January 2018 The Value of Education Education has been a powerful instrument that guides the society in achieving human desires and aspirations. It is in the nature of human beings to have big dreams in life. Everyone desires to be successful and lead a prosperous lifestyle. However, a successful life is a fruit of good education. I believe in the value of education because it has the power to transform one from nothing to something. From a naà ¯ve youngRead MoreCulture Is It Anyway, Culture, Values, Attitudes, And Traditions902 Words   |  4 PagesCulture has been defined as the knowledge, values, attitudes, and traditions that guide the behavior of a group of people and allow them to solve the problems of living in their environment. Beyond this standard definition, I believe that culture is a conglomeration of the things we adopt from our families, friends, peers, and other members of our community. As Reyes stated in her article â€Å"Whose culture is it anyway,† culture extends to all individuals, includ ing those considered â€Å"of the norm† withinRead MoreImportance of Teamwork and Collaboration1014 Words   |  4 Pagescommunities, friends, and parents all impact the manner in which an individual develops within the context of society. A great influence on my decision to pursue graduate level study was that of my parents. Both being teachers, I personally was impacted by their love of education and continuous learning. This ultimately manifested in my medical studies and fellowship back in the UAE. My parents, both of whom taught the fundematels of knowledge were based on a solid foundation of education, stressed the importanceRead MorePolitical Socialization Is A Particular Type Of Political Learning915 Words   |  4 Pagesattitudes, values, beliefs, opinions and behaviors that are conducive to becoming a good citizen in their country. With political socialization there are many factors that are present when these views are formed, many are very apparent like historical events, and a clear effect such as gender, race, and socio-economics status. My own political views were formed the same way as everybody else were. Through the first people I came to know, which were my parents. My parents taught me what theRead MoreI Am A Father Who Migrated From Sierra Leone925 Words   |  4 PagesStaying in school and pursuing a higher education wouldn’t have been possible if it wasn’t for my family and teachers in high school. Entering into college, I wanted to do public health, but I wanted to be a doctor to please my father and to satisfy his hunger to have a doctor in his family. My father made sure his children went to college, and if they didn’t, it was clear they couldn’t stay in his house anymore. My parents struggled to support all of my siblings and supply each of us with everythingRead MoreThe Parenting Of Asian Mothers Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesyour ability. You cannot be a musician; you have to be a doctor. You can only be someone when you ARE someone. That will only happen after you take ten extra lessons outside of school, and you also have to learn how to play all types of instruments. My main point is, you have to be the best.† For many centuries, cultures from all around have had many debates on the correct way of parenting. In recent times, a specific type of parenting has been in the spotlight: the parenting of Asian mothers. They

How to perform Investigation of illegal digital materials- Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theInvestigation of Illegal Digital Materials. Answer: Introduction The case starts when one customer finds a workstation belongs to M57.biz on secondary market. Case has been reported to police and it has been identified that this illegal material belongs to Jo. Our aim is to investigate this case based on USB drives. Observations needs to be make about various scenario. This work is related to the illegal digital content which takes a scenario of a company M57.biz. How We Got to Know if PC is Missing The detectives meets the McGoo at the company and it was informed about a missing computer. Although that was nonfunctional but had critical information. As per investigation Jos name came up and was under suspicious category. Our investigation now has third part USB used with the system. USB drive can have some data remaining as a part of backup. The illegal category content which is in USB drive needs to be analyzed for this part. As per USB drive we have come to know that content in Jo;s drive was suspicious. Software used is prodiscover Figure 1: Software Hard Drive The methodology starts from knowledge gathering phase, which concentrates on gathering knowledge about how we need to investigate this case. Below diagram shows the overview of the system. Figure 2 Information Direction Based on this we can answer the questions: Terry was owner of this inventory management, although Pat asked Terry to make a list of the inventory needed for the business expansion purpose. As per inventory expansion purpose Terry was supposed to make a list of the inventory needed for the business expansion. This brings in the point that missing computer was sold in secondary market. As per investigation we have not found solid attempts but yes there were some attempts to manage the list in such a way that no one notice loss of items from inventory. And also should be responsible for sale of computer. As he was owner of preparation of the list and execute the plan.. We can guess Jo is the owner of these files and to confirm this disk image has some half evidence. Also as per mail conversation jo/Terry was responsible for secondary market sold things and was owner of this area. The below evidence shows JO was involved Date 10 December 2009 Affiant Detective Joe Friday Reason for Action: Forensic persons could decide out of the PC that a USB drive conceivably claimed from Jo possession was utilized to associate with the PC, and perhaps used to exchange kitty illegal material Move Made: Starting from the suspicion that possessed drive was owner by Jo, we have asked for and been conceded rights to take the USB drive. The action was taken on the basis of the information found with respect to the PC with the number MT-2009-12-015-EV001 which was the physical address of Jos computer. Result: If we are allowed authorization to inquiry PCs, we would first take possession of the thumb drive (Present ownership is with Jo) around then. This signifies Jo;s hand in this case. Recovery of Computer The individual additionally gave the name of the merchant: Terry Johnson PC has been recuperated, the person who was login has physical address of MT-2009-12-015-EV001 and as per crime scene investigation this proves to be a critical issue. Conclusion As per investigation it can be concluded that analysis of USB drive gives important information about the owner of the illegal digital content trafficking person. Also information through this is reliable and can be fully trusted References Article III. Initiation of Cases: 12. Complaint; Investigation; Petition. (1959).Crime Delinquency, 5(4), pp.351-356. Bates, J. (1963). Presentence Investigation in Abortion Cases.Crime Delinquency, 9(3), pp.306-312. Casey, E. (2007). Attacks against forensic analysis.Digital Investigation, 4(3-4), pp.105-106. Forensic entomologyStandards and guidelines. (2007).Forensic Science International, 169, p.S27. Forensic Evidence and Crime Scene Investigation. (2013).Journal of Forensic Investigation, 01(02). Forensic Evidence and Crime Scene Investigation. (2013).Journal of Forensic Investigation, 01(02). Garfinkel, S. (2006). Forensic feature extraction and cross-drive analysis.Digital Investigation, 3, pp.71-81. Gogolin, G. (2010). The Digital Crime Tsunami.Digital Investigation, 7(1-2), pp.3-8. Haagman, D. and Ghavalas, B. (2005). Trojan defence: A forensic view.Digital Investigation, 2(1), pp.23-30. Lewthwaite, J. (2013). FrostWire P2P forensic examinations.Digital Investigation, 9(3-4), pp.211-221. Mason, S. (2005). Trusted computing and forensic investigations.Digital Investigation, 2(3), pp.189-192. Mistry, D. (2016). Ploughing in Resources: The investigation of farm attacks.South African Crime Quarterly, (6). Stttgen, J. and Cohen, M. (2013). Anti-forensic resilient memory acquisition.Digital Investigation, 10, pp.S105-S115. Wilson, J. (2001). Riverboat Gambling and Crime in Indiana: An Empirical Investigation.Crime Delinquency, 47(4), pp.610-640.

Royal Dutch Shell free essay sample

Shell plc (Shell) is one of global leading energy and petrochemical companies. Its foundation dated back to 19 Century but it fully formed after merger of Royal Dutch  and Shell Transport in 1907. Now, Shell, headquartered in The Hague, operates in more than 140 countries or areas and employs approximately 87,000 staffs. Shell businesses expand from upstream to downstream: it is engaged in exploration, production, refining, transportation and retailing of gas, oil, oil derivatives, electricity and chemicals; the company is also interested in global energy innovation such as renewable sources of energies. However, Royal Dutch Shell has been struggling to capture investor’s imagination after 2009 (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Although revenues and profits had recovered, Niger Delta and North Sea oil spilling almost destroyed Shell’s revival dream. The recent figures are still disappointing: Shell suffered more than 30 per cent drop in profits in recent successive quarters (2nd Quarter Unaudited Results 3rd Quarter Unaudited Results, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Dutch Shell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are the factors to Shell’s loss? Is that caused by Financial Crisis or European Debt Crisis? Or caused by Oil Spill? Or caused by deep business environmental changes? Identifying Challenges Analysis should start at the general to focus down, called outside-in analytical framework (Angwin et al, 2011). The interaction of an organisation with external environment is decomposed into macro-environment influences, meso-environment influences and micro-environment influences. Macro-environment analysis assesses the stability and complexity in energy industry. Meso-environment analysis focuses on competitive arena; more specifically, it reveals interaction and power of Shell with other main market components. Micro-environment analysis shows competition position in energy industry: it identifies and compares performances of global energy giants. However, the largest degree of influence is from focal company itself; namely, internal environment where decisions are made about corporate strategy and resource policy. Employing outside-in approach contributes to avoid myopia which seeing the real business world on focal firm’s standpoint and thus increases the accuracy of strategic analysis. Macro-environment Macro-environmental analysis is the first and necessary part of systematic strategic analysis. In today varied and complex business world, PESTEL is a common conceptual tool used in macro-environmental analysis. This framework identifies current and potential changes in a large macro-territory (Fahey Narayanan, 1986) and assesses the impact of changes on firm’s industry and itself (Ginter Duncan, 1990). P stands for political factors that determine governmental influence on economy or a certain industry. Political aspects have significant influence in oil and gas industry. It is because most countries regard oil and gas, main products in energy industry, as strategic materials. The energy independence is a preferential aim for the countries who intend to avoid economic blackmail and political suppression from other countries and organisations like OPEC (Talevski Lima, 2009). Thus the authorities strictly control foreign investments into oil and gas drilling and production and allow limited rights to transport and retail oil, gas and other petrochemical products (EIA, 2008), which limit access to proven reserves and potential markets. Besides, the political stability has impacts, especially in North Africa and Middle East. Instability, including political or economic terrorism, civil unrest, acts of war, piracy on high sea and governmental sanctions can discourage investments and disrupt safe operations and products transports (Talevski Lima, 2009). E stands for economic factors that determine economy’s performance with resonating long-term effects. Demand for oil and gas is determined by economic prosperity because most industries and transportation run on fuels (Talevski Lima, 2009). Under current unclear â€Å"economic slowdown†, the demand-and-supply relationship of fuels seems unpredictable. It results in fluctuating price of crude oil, natural gas, and petrochemical products with material impacts on oil and gas industry (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Specifically, in a low fuels price environment, corporates gain less revenue from upstream business because of shrinking margins between raw materials and products; while in a high fuels price environment, corporates suffers less entitlement to proved reserves and lower product demands, which reduces profitability of downstream business. S stands for social factors that influence social-cultural environment of market. Suffering the fears of global warming, people show increasing concerns about natural environment. The considerations shape preference for green energies rather than fossil fuels, especially in developed countries. Population in developed countries, primary consumers of hydrocarbons, consciously diminish needs for oil and gas but boost needs for renewable energies (Trifu, 2012). It entails heavy investments in research development in new energies. Besides, public concerns about corporate social responsibility push energy giants to protect all stakeholders’ profits, such as employees and neighbours at increasing expenditure on optimising manufacturing process, building infrastructure and training employees. T stands for technological factors related to innovations that may affect the operation or markets. Technology is key element in upstream business and downstream business: innovations in exploration and production (upstream) contribute to discover new hydrocarbon reserves or enhance recovery of oil and gas; while in the downstream, optimising reefing process of varying quality and developing marketing campaigns based on technological advance (like communication in social media) help corporates reduce operational costs and enhance margins (BP Annual Report, 2008). Thus corporates should be charged a considerable sum on research development. Additionally, technological improvement in substitutes and complementary products alter the demands for different sources of energies. Generally speaking, the dominance of hydrocarbon should be replaced if the increasing number of complementary products driven by green energies emerges and the costs on exploiting and manufacturing substitutes decrease. E stands for environmental factors that influence or are determined by the surroundings. Most energy companies have been involved in environmental pollution. Increasingly strict environmental restrictions require energy companies spend share of their profits in technological innovation and waste disposal to environmental restoration and remediation (BP Annual Report, 2008). Besides, an uneven geographical distribution of hydrocarbon and separability of production fields and markets expose oil and gas companies to safety issues and environmental issues in transportation (Talevski Lima, 2009), such as BP oil spilling in Gulf of Mexico. Transportation process requires special care at large human, material and capital inputs. Thus environmental issues are threats to profitability. L stands for legal factors that laws affect the business environment. Legal regulations subjected to energy companies includes imposition of exploitation obligations, regulations on field development and decommissioning, proposed fuel specifications, the provision of health-safety-security-and-environment protection, emission controls, climate change programs, the provision of disposal or releases of chemicals or petroleum substances, the clauses of antitrust and competition, upfront concession fees , special royalties and taxes (Talevski Lima, 2009; Trifu, 2012). More stringent legal restrictions might induce damage to corporate images, larger fees required in business activities or even loss of licence to operate in a certain area (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Meso-environment Analysis about meso-environment examines competitive structure. Porter’s Five Forces should be advised: It identifies five basic competitive forces which influence focal participants’ income statements and balance sheets through prices, costs and investments (Porter, 2008). Meso-environmental analysis tries to understand underpinnings of competition and causes of profitability in oil and gas industry. The threat of new entrants is insignificant. There are large capital investments tied to all vertical activities like exploration of new fields, setting-up production facilities, scientific research and accessing to distribution channel. Enormous fixed up-front investment creates barriers to potential entrants (Talevski Lima, 2009). Economies of scale/scope are another barrier to new participants. Higher unit costs in exploration and production and lower volume of business result in a small profit margin, which adversely affect returns of money in the start-up (Dess et al., 2004). The threat of substitutes seems not significant today but increasingly influential in following years. Oil and gas are still dominant in many sectors, especially in transportation and industry; and it is estimated to stay the dominance until 2030 (IEA, 2008). However, with the technological advances in drilling and processing new energies and rising concerns on planet, green energies like renewable energies and nuclear energies are predicted to slowly but surely enlarge market share in the future. The bargaining power of buyers is complex. Generally, the power of buyers is low because the prices of oil and gas are globally given (Talevski Lima, 2009). However, the power of large consumers, like the US, the EU, China and Japan, are indeed strong because their enormous volumes of demands can alter global demands. Recently, theses primary consumers are trying to switch from heavy dependence on fossil fuels to renewable energies. Thus the strong bargaining power entails business revolution in oil and gas industry. The bargaining power of suppliers depends on which type of suppliers they are. The conventional suppliers that provide supporting products/services seem disadvantaged because oil and gas industry has a wide range of small unconsolidated sub-suppliers from various sectors. While the suppliers of oil or gas field exert power: no one corporates can operate in a certain country without permission. These countries can determine the supply of materials. Thus their policy and regulation on oil and gas are quite important to energy companies. The intensity of rivalry is high. The slow industry growth and product homogeneity create small profits margins through technological or managerial innovation. Besides, the needs to replace drying fields exacerbate competition due to the fact that new reserves are more difficult to access. All of them force major and strong oligopolistic players overcome competitive constrains through aggressive activities like mergers, acquisitions and alliances (Weston et al. , 2001). Micro-environment Micro-environment analysis attempts to identify Shell’s competitive position through comparing competitors’ superior performances. Fiercer competition on differentiating products is a characteristic of oil and gas industry. BP intended to gain first-mover advantages. BP has engaged in renewables energies, especially in wind, solar and biofuels (Datamonitor, 2010). Until the end of 2009, BP has more than 500 MW of installed capacity through wind power; the whole solar value chain has been built; and more than $1 billion planned investments was into biofuels business operation. The Total S. A. refused to be inferior: the investments into renewable energies are also considerable (Datamonitor, 2010). Slow differentiation process might erode Shell’s competitive position. Increasing competition from government-run companies such as China National Petroleum Corporation and Sinopec creates threats to publicly held oil and gas companies, especially in seeking access to the fields (Shell Annual Report, 2012). These government-run entities have partial access to significant reserves and desirable projects. They are also sometimes motivated by political or other factors in making business decision which is abnormal in markets or harm to competitors. These partial competitive advantages supported by national governments should be achieved at independent participants’ loss. Internal Environment Internal-environmental analysis focuses on firm-specific factors. The frequent oil spilling disasters have troubled Shell for a long time. Recently, these problems become even worse. The oil spilling in Nigeria mainly caused by lack of maintenance on pipeline resulted in up to 40,000 barrels of crude oil spilling 75 miles off the coasts of Niger Delta (Vidal, 2011); the following oil leaking in North Sea caused by immature deep-water drilling technology and operator error resulted in more than 1,300 barrels of crude oil spilling (BBC news, 2011). However, Shell’s responses to extreme events seem unacceptable. Criticisms referred to late disclosure of information about leaking events, sluggish efforts to stop leakage, false claims on responsibility and reluctance on compensation (Macalister, 2013; Watkins, 2013). It makes Shell face not only considerable economic losses from business interruption, rehabilitative measures and fines on environmental pollution which caused losing leading company position (Datamonitor, 2010; MarketLine, 2013), but also a credibility problem and even corporate images damage (ICMR, 2010). Another threat is from globalisation outsourcing. Shell’s operation is on more than 70 countries with differing degrees of political, legal and fiscal stability. A wide range of political developments might affect operations, especially in the upstream, referring to land tenure, re-writing of leases, entitlement to produced hydrocarbons, production rates, and royalties (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Cross-border transaction also exposed Shell to risks from fluctuating foreign exchange rate. Changing foreign exchange rate increases transaction risks (caused by time delay between signing and settling contracts) and translational risks (caused by operating in foreign currencies but showing on balance sheets in home currency), which increase unpredictability in estimating costs and revenues (Sorensen and Kyle, 2008). Furthermore, Shell face competition from powerful local rivals when entering overseas market. Wining in the competition require large investments particularly when the rivalry happens in home country of government-run firms. Key Challenges The greatest challenge is from the increasing environmental concerns, leading to stringent environmental regulation and growing demands to green energies in future market. Hart pointed (1995) corporate competitive advantages should be rooted in capabilities in promoting environmentally-friendly economic activities, namely the natural-resource-based view of the firm. However, most core businesses of Shell, especially in upstream activities, still cause huge damages to ecosystem. This trend creates a puzzle: how to modify current environment-damaged portfolio to satisfy growing requirements to environmentally-friendly business model. In other words, it determines Shell’s future business development direction: from traditional fossil fuel company to environment-oriented energy giants-to sustain competitive advantages by pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development (Hart, 1995). The second key challenge is from poor crisis management strategy. Current activities in value chain exposure Shell to safety disasters in drilling, production, refining, and transportation process. It seriously hurts social benefit, especially the safety of nearby residence. Growing concerns about corporate social responsibility set higher requirements to Shell to manage crisis. How to win customer’s trusts and recover the credibility depends on Shell’s improvements in social-responsible performance. It determines Shell’s future strategic direction: from high-level risk-facing but low-level risking-taking company to lower-risk and strong anti-risk company with organisational and policy synergies which extend beyond â€Å"principles† to the serious treatments by every staff to think about threats and adopt their behaviour to avoid potential crisis or to manage happened crisis (McConnell Drennan, 2006). The third key challenge is from globalisation business model in oil and gas industry. This model tightly ties demand to Shell’s products to global economic prosperity and depression. It obviously brings greater difficulty to determine outputs in a certain period in order to balance demands and supply. Besides, the regional instability in political development and economic situation especially in currency makes it tougher for Shell to audit revenuesto control operations. Furthermore, competition from powerful local rivals is big challenge for Shell entering overseas market. To gain competitive advantages in international context should combine firm-specific resource and capabilities with certain national environment (Grant, 2008). In other words, how to shorten political, economic and cultural distances in globalisation should be Shell’s future direction on optimising integration of global resources (Ghemawat, 2001). Strategic Plan How to deal with the three contextual key challenges should be a serious question in Shell’s development plan. The measures to manage challenges can be understood as to pursue or sustain competitive advantages. In current market, external stakeholders are trying to keep companies accountable for social issues and demonstrate potentially large financial risks for the companies with damages to society or environments. Fulfilling social responsibility has been becoming inescapable requirements to keep competitive advantages. In order to embed a social perspective into its core value proposition, Shell should change from the fragmented and defensive position to the integrated and proactive posture. In other words, the focus must move from the focuses on corporate image to an emphasis on humanity and substance (Porter Kramer, 2006). Shared values among society (people), economy (profits) and environment (planet) can be realised (Jamali, 2006). The primary task is the shift from an environmentally-damaged producer to an environmentally-friendly corporation, namely, to achieve environment benefits. The first step is pollution abatement. There are two suggested approaches. Pollution control is using pollution control equipment to trap, store, treat and dispose emission and effluents. Another approach is pollution prevention, refers to reduce, change and prevent emission and effluents by greater housekeeping, material substitution, recycling and process innovation (Cairncross, 1991, Frosch Gallopoulos, 1989; Willig, 1994). Pollution prevention seems more important than pollution control: it tries to prevent and contain pollution in continuous-improvement methods rather than the old model of â€Å"polluting then cleaning up† at expense of non-recoverable ecological damages and expensive end-of-pipe capital investments to control emissions (Rooney, 1993). A pollution-prevention strategy emphasis on establishing capabilities in production and operation: it can be achieved through extensive and initiative employee involvement (Cole, 1991; Lawler, 1986) and continues improvement in waste reduction. Thus it is necessary to invest into inventing or introducing environmentally-friendly or resource-conserving facilities and innovating technology used in value chain. For example, non-phenolic and resin-coating technology  increase hydraulic fracturing efficiency: It allows coated sand to be produced with less energy requirement and environmental damages compared to current phenolic resins in the manufacturing process (Drilling Contractor, 2013). Building awareness of environmental protection and forcing involvement of employees also should be suggested. The second step is to product stewardship. It refers to direct the selection of raw materials and manage product design with aims at minimising environmental harm of product system. Exiting environmentally hazardous business and developing potential products with lower life-cycle costs should be the requirements to reasonable product management (Hart, 1995). To Shell, creating new products with low life-cycle costs will be dominant product strategy. It requests Shell to minimise the use of non-renewable materials, to avoid use of toxic materials and maximise the use of renewable resources (Robert, 1995). Developing renewable energy is a good choice. Shell is advised to develop wind, solar, hydropower, tidal, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas electricity generation and anaerobic digestion. These green energies not only satisfy legal and public expectations on environmental protection but also solve the problem of fossil fuels crisis. The third step is sustainable development. To achieve sustainable development demands a great deal of inputs and long-term commitments to develop market (Hart, 1995). To Shell, that means to create market demand transition from fossil fuel to renewable source of energies, especially in the developing countries. For example, Shell can make documentaries about production in the fossil fuels field and the renewable energy filed. This comparison might switch audiences’ preference for energies. Shell also can persuade energy-intensive producers to adopt green source of energies. Although there is little evidence showing the relationship between these efforts and short-term profits, the engagement to sustainable development will improvement firms’ long-term performance, reflected by price earnings or market-to-book ratios (Hart, 1995). The second task is to manage crisis, specifically to avoid potential crisis and to minimise the damages. That can be understood a task in protecting social benefits, especially nearby residence around Shell economic activities. There are five phase to accomplish crisis management (Mitroff, 1988). The first phase is signal deletion. Long before the crisis happened, there are repeated and persistent trials of warning signals. It is necessary for Shell to build various appropriate warning systems to identify diverse explicit or implicit signals. For example, the growing equipment faulty rate may imply the increasing possibility of accident and needs for maintenance. The second phase is preparation or prevention, referring to establish appropriate prevention and preparation mechanism. Specifically, prevention and preparation mechanism works through identifying any sign of weakness and then responding appropriately whatever problems is discovered. In this phase, Shell is required to ensure everything stay fixed even it works well now. The third phase is containment or damage limitation. It is important for Shell to build damage-limitation mechanisms in place. Preventing all crises seems impossible in oil and gas industry. How to prevent the harm from engulfing other parts of the corporate should be discussed. After every disaster happens, Shell should release relevant information as soon as possible and also clearly claim corporate responsibility. Although it may cause higher expense of recovery, these measures protect credibility in public, which is important for long-term development. The fourth phase is recovery. If Shell is not anticipatory, the aftermath is requested. That means Shell should build short-term and long-term recovery plan. For instance, in Nigeria Delta, how to degrade toxic substance in soil, air and water, how to recover soil fertility and how to rebuild broken ecosystem, which is highly related to local people’s health need to be considered. The final phase is learning. Shell should reassess the crisis happened on the past to improve capabilities in predicting crisis and avoiding crisis. The third task is to manage the difficulties in globalisation. The challenges are mainly from political difference, cultural distance and economic instability. Thus it is a task to shrink various distances in globalisation to realise economic profits. Political difference and cultural distance create barriers to foreign companies. International alliance and joint venture with powerful local market participant should be a suitable entry mode for Shell in overseas markets (Grant, 2008). It not only free Shell from political restrictions directed against foreign companies but also access market knowledge and distribution capabilities. Another strategy to shrink political and cultural distance is decentralisation. That means giving overseas subsidiaries higher level of freedoms in decision-making. These holders of first-hand information can modify Shell’s activities and respond the diverse political and customers’ requirements quickly and accurately. That is the process of localisation. The effects of economic instability also can be minimised by economic tools. For example, financial forward contracts help Shell avoid financial risks, such as fluctuating foreign exchange rate to guarantee the best possible outcomes in a certain production cycle (Shapiro, ND.) Although it cannot balance demand and supply fundamentally, the tools or frameworks tries to decrease damages from external economic changes. Conclusion Royal Dutch Shell was a successful corporation but now is suffering poor performance. In this essay, the author analyses the macro-environment, meso-environment, micro-environment and internal environment in outside-in approach to identify three key challenges in the long-term survival. They are increasing concerns in environmental protection, poor crisis management strategy and various distances in globalisation. They also can be understood the threats from environment, society and economy. Thus corporate social responsibility is the synergy. Environmental profits can be achieved through ppollution abatement, product stewardship and sustainable development; sociall profits can be realised by crisis management, including signal deletion, preparation and prevention, damage limitation, recovery and learning; economic profits can be accomplished by shrinking political, cultural and economic distance through alliance joint venture, decentralised management and leverage by economic tools. Royal Dutch Shell free essay sample Royal Dutch Shell plc (Shell) is one of global leading energy and petrochemical companies. Its foundation dated back to 19 Century but it fully formed after merger of Royal Dutch  and Shell Transport in 1907. Now, Shell, headquartered in The Hague, operates in more than 140 countries or areas and employs approximately 87,000 staffs. Shell businesses expand from upstream to downstream: it is engaged in exploration, production, refining, transportation and retailing of gas, oil, oil derivatives, electricity and chemicals; the company is also interested in global energy innovation such as renewable sources of energies. However, Royal Dutch Shell has been struggling to capture investor’s imagination after 2009 (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Although revenues and profits had recovered, Niger Delta and North Sea oil spilling almost destroyed Shell’s revival dream. The recent figures are still disappointing: Shell suffered more than 30 per cent drop in profits in recent successive quarters (2nd Quarter Unaudited Results 3rd Quarter Unaudited Results, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Dutch Shell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are the factors to Shell’s loss? Is that caused by Financial Crisis or European Debt Crisis? Or caused by Oil Spill? Or caused by deep business environmental changes? Identifying Challenges Analysis should start at the general to focus down, called outside-in analytical framework (Angwin et al, 2011). The interaction of an organisation with external environment is decomposed into macro-environment influences, meso-environment influences and micro-environment influences. Macro-environment analysis assesses the stability and complexity in energy industry. Meso-environment analysis focuses on competitive arena; more specifically, it reveals interaction and power of Shell with other main market components. Micro-environment analysis shows competition position in energy industry: it identifies and compares performances of global energy giants. However, the largest degree of influence is from focal company itself; namely, internal environment where decisions are made about corporate strategy and resource policy. Employing outside-in approach contributes to avoid myopia which seeing the real business world on focal firm’s standpoint and thus increases the accuracy of strategic analysis. Macro-environment Macro-environmental analysis is the first and necessary part of systematic strategic analysis. In today varied and complex business world, PESTEL is a common conceptual tool used in macro-environmental analysis. This framework identifies current and potential changes in a large macro-territory (Fahey Narayanan, 1986) and assesses the impact of changes on firm’s industry and itself (Ginter Duncan, 1990). P stands for political factors that determine governmental influence on economy or a certain industry. Political aspects have significant influence in oil and gas industry. It is because most countries regard oil and gas, main products in energy industry, as strategic materials. The energy independence is a preferential aim for the countries who intend to avoid economic blackmail and political suppression from other countries and organisations like OPEC (Talevski Lima, 2009). Thus the authorities strictly control foreign investments into oil and gas drilling and production and allow limited rights to transport and retail oil, gas and other petrochemical products (EIA, 2008), which limit access to proven reserves and potential markets. Besides, the political stability has impacts, especially in North Africa and Middle East. Instability, including political or economic terrorism, civil unrest, acts of war, piracy on high sea and governmental sanctions can discourage investments and disrupt safe operations and products transports (Talevski Lima, 2009). E stands for economic factors that determine economy’s performance with resonating long-term effects. Demand for oil and gas is determined by economic prosperity because most industries and transportation run on fuels (Talevski Lima, 2009). Under current unclear â€Å"economic slowdown†, the demand-and-supply relationship of fuels seems unpredictable. It results in fluctuating price of crude oil, natural gas, and petrochemical products with material impacts on oil and gas industry (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Specifically, in a low fuels price environment, corporates gain less revenue from upstream business because of shrinking margins between raw materials and products; while in a high fuels price environment, corporates suffers less entitlement to proved reserves and lower product demands, which reduces profitability of downstream business. S stands for social factors that influence social-cultural environment of market. Suffering the fears of global warming, people show increasing concerns about natural environment. The considerations shape preference for green energies rather than fossil fuels, especially in developed countries. Population in developed countries, primary consumers of hydrocarbons, consciously diminish needs for oil and gas but boost needs for renewable energies (Trifu, 2012). It entails heavy investments in research development in new energies. Besides, public concerns about corporate social responsibility push energy giants to protect all stakeholders’ profits, such as employees and neighbours at increasing expenditure on optimising manufacturing process, building infrastructure and training employees. T stands for technological factors related to innovations that may affect the operation or markets. Technology is key element in upstream business and downstream business: innovations in exploration and production (upstream) contribute to discover new hydrocarbon reserves or enhance recovery of oil and gas; while in the downstream, optimising reefing process of varying quality and developing marketing campaigns based on technological advance (like communication in social media) help corporates reduce operational costs and enhance margins (BP Annual Report, 2008). Thus corporates should be charged a considerable sum on research development. Additionally, technological improvement in substitutes and complementary products alter the demands for different sources of energies. Generally speaking, the dominance of hydrocarbon should be replaced if the increasing number of complementary products driven by green energies emerges and the costs on exploiting and manufacturing substitutes decrease. E stands for environmental factors that influence or are determined by the surroundings. Most energy companies have been involved in environmental pollution. Increasingly strict environmental restrictions require energy companies spend share of their profits in technological innovation and waste disposal to environmental restoration and remediation (BP Annual Report, 2008). Besides, an uneven geographical distribution of hydrocarbon and separability of production fields and markets expose oil and gas companies to safety issues and environmental issues in transportation (Talevski Lima, 2009), such as BP oil spilling in Gulf of Mexico. Transportation process requires special care at large human, material and capital inputs. Thus environmental issues are threats to profitability. L stands for legal factors that laws affect the business environment. Legal regulations subjected to energy companies includes imposition of exploitation obligations, regulations on field development and decommissioning, proposed fuel specifications, the provision of health-safety-security-and-environment protection, emission controls, climate change programs, the provision of disposal or releases of chemicals or petroleum substances, the clauses of antitrust and competition, upfront concession fees , special royalties and taxes (Talevski Lima, 2009; Trifu, 2012). More stringent legal restrictions might induce damage to corporate images, larger fees required in business activities or even loss of licence to operate in a certain area (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Meso-environment Analysis about meso-environment examines competitive structure. Porter’s Five Forces should be advised: It identifies five basic competitive forces which influence focal participants’ income statements and balance sheets through prices, costs and investments (Porter, 2008). Meso-environmental analysis tries to understand underpinnings of competition and causes of profitability in oil and gas industry. The threat of new entrants is insignificant. There are large capital investments tied to all vertical activities like exploration of new fields, setting-up production facilities, scientific research and accessing to distribution channel. Enormous fixed up-front investment creates barriers to potential entrants (Talevski Lima, 2009). Economies of scale/scope are another barrier to new participants. Higher unit costs in exploration and production and lower volume of business result in a small profit margin, which adversely affect returns of money in the start-up (Dess et al. The threat of substitutes seems not significant today but increasingly influential in following years. Oil and gas are still dominant in many sectors, especially in transportation and industry; and it is estimated to stay the dominance until 2030 (IEA, 2008). However, with the technological advances in drilling and processing new energies and rising concerns on planet, green energies like renewable energies and nuclear energies are predicted to slowly but surely enlarge market share in the future. The bargaining power of buyers is complex. Generally, the power of buyers is low because the prices of oil and gas are globally given (Talevski Lima, 2009). However, the power of large consumers, like the US, the EU, China and Japan, are indeed strong because their enormous volumes of demands can alter global demands. Recently, theses primary consumers are trying to switch from heavy dependence on fossil fuels to renewable energies. Thus the strong bargaining power entails business revolution in oil and gas industry. The bargaining power of suppliers depends on which type of suppliers they are. The conventional suppliers that provide supporting products/services seem disadvantaged because oil and gas industry has a wide range of small unconsolidated sub-suppliers from various sectors. While the suppliers of oil or gas field exert power: no one corporates can operate in a certain country without permission. These countries can determine the supply of materials. Thus their policy and regulation on oil and gas are quite important to energy companies. The intensity of rivalry is high. The slow industry growth and product homogeneity create small profits margins through technological or managerial innovation. Besides, the needs to replace drying fields exacerbate competition due to the fact that new reserves are more difficult to access. All of them force major and strong oligopolistic players overcome competitive constrains through aggressive activities like mergers, acquisitions and alliances (Weston et al. , 2001). Micro-environment Micro-environment analysis attempts to identify Shell’s competitive position through comparing competitors’ superior performances. Fiercer competition on differentiating products is a characteristic of oil and gas industry. BP intended to gain first-mover advantages. BP has engaged in renewables energies, especially in wind, solar and biofuels (Datamonitor, 2010). Until the end of 2009, BP has more than 500 MW of installed capacity through wind power; the whole solar value chain has been built; and more than $1 billion planned investments was into biofuels business operation. The Total S. A. refused to be inferior: the investments into renewable energies are also considerable (Datamonitor, 2010). Slow differentiation process might erode Shell’s competitive position. Increasing competition from government-run companies such as China National Petroleum Corporation and Sinopec creates threats to publicly held oil and gas companies, especially in seeking access to the fields (Shell Annual Report, 2012). These government-run entities have partial access to significant reserves and desirable projects. They are also sometimes motivated by political or other factors in making business decision which is abnormal in markets or harm to competitors. These partial competitive advantages supported by national governments should be achieved at independent participants’ loss. Internal Environment Internal-environmental analysis focuses on firm-specific factors. The frequent oil spilling disasters have troubled Shell for a long time. Recently, these problems become even worse. The oil spilling in Nigeria mainly caused by lack of maintenance on pipeline resulted in up to 40,000 barrels of crude oil spilling 75 miles off the coasts of Niger Delta (Vidal, 2011); the following oil leaking in North Sea caused by immature deep-water drilling technology and operator error resulted in more than 1,300 barrels of crude oil spilling (BBC news, 2011). However, Shell’s responses to extreme events seem unacceptable. Criticisms referred to late disclosure of information about leaking events, sluggish efforts to stop leakage, false claims on responsibility and reluctance on compensation (Macalister, 2013; Watkins, 2013). It makes Shell face not only considerable economic losses from business interruption, rehabilitative measures and fines on environmental pollution which caused losing leading company position (Datamonitor, 2010; MarketLine, 2013), but also a credibility problem and even corporate images damage (ICMR, 2010). Another threat is from globalisation outsourcing. Shell’s operation is on more than 70 countries with differing degrees of political, legal and fiscal stability. A wide range of political developments might affect operations, especially in the upstream, referring to land tenure, re-writing of leases, entitlement to produced hydrocarbons, production rates, and royalties (Shell Annual Report, 2012). Cross-border transaction also exposed Shell to risks from fluctuating foreign exchange rate. Changing foreign exchange rate increases transaction risks (caused by time delay between signing and settling contracts) and translational risks (caused by operating in foreign currencies but showing on balance sheets in home currency), which increase unpredictability in estimating costs and revenues (Sorensen and Kyle, 2008). Furthermore, Shell face competition from powerful local rivals when entering overseas market. Wining in the competition require large investments particularly when the rivalry happens in home country of government-run firms. Key Challenges The greatest challenge is from the increasing environmental concerns, leading to stringent environmental regulation and growing demands to green energies in future market. Hart pointed (1995) corporate competitive advantages should be rooted in capabilities in promoting environmentally-friendly economic activities, namely the natural-resource-based view of the firm. However, most core businesses of Shell, especially in upstream activities, still cause huge damages to ecosystem. This trend creates a puzzle: how to modify current environment-damaged portfolio to satisfy growing requirements to environmentally-friendly business model. In other words, it determines Shell’s future business development direction: from traditional fossil fuel company to environment-oriented energy giants-to sustain competitive advantages by pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development (Hart, 1995). The second key challenge is from poor crisis management strategy. Current activities in value chain exposure Shell to safety disasters in drilling, production, refining, and transportation process. It seriously hurts social benefit, especially the safety of nearby residence. Growing concerns about corporate social responsibility set higher requirements to Shell to manage crisis. How to win customer’s trusts and recover the credibility depends on Shell’s improvements in social-responsible performance. It determines Shell’s future strategic direction: from high-level risk-facing but low-level risking-taking company to lower-risk and strong anti-risk company with organisational and policy synergies which extend beyond â€Å"principles† to the serious treatments by every staff to think about threats and adopt their behaviour to avoid potential crisis or to manage happened crisis (McConnell Drennan, 2006). The third key challenge is from globalisation business model in oil and gas industry. This model tightly ties demand to Shell’s products to global economic prosperity and depression. It obviously brings greater difficulty to determine outputs in a certain period in order to balance demands and supply. Besides, the regional instability in political development and economic situation especially in currency makes it tougher for Shell to audit revenuesto control operations. Furthermore, competition from powerful local rivals is big challenge for Shell entering overseas market. To gain competitive advantages in international context should combine firm-specific resource and capabilities with certain national environment (Grant, 2008). In other words, how to shorten political, economic and cultural distances in globalisation should be Shell’s future direction on optimising integration of global resources (Ghemawat, 2001). Strategic Plan How to deal with the three contextual key challenges should be a serious question in Shell’s development plan. The measures to manage challenges can be understood as to pursue or sustain competitive advantages. In current market, external stakeholders are trying to keep companies accountable for social issues and demonstrate potentially large financial risks for the companies with damages to society or environments. Fulfilling social responsibility has been becoming inescapable requirements to keep competitive advantages. In order to embed a social perspective into its core value proposition, Shell should change from the fragmented and defensive position to the integrated and proactive posture. In other words, the focus must move from the focuses on corporate image to an emphasis on humanity and substance (Porter Kramer, 2006). Shared values among society (people), economy (profits) and environment (planet) can be realised (Jamali, 2006). The primary task is the shift from an environmentally-damaged producer to an environmentally-friendly corporation, namely, to achieve environment benefits. The first step is pollution abatement. There are two suggested approaches. Pollution control is using pollution control equipment to trap, store, treat and dispose emission and effluents. Another approach is pollution prevention, refers to reduce, change and prevent emission and effluents by greater housekeeping, material substitution, recycling and process innovation (Cairncross, 1991, Frosch Gallopoulos, 1989; Willig, 1994). Pollution prevention seems more important than pollution control: it tries to prevent and contain pollution in continuous-improvement methods rather than the old model of â€Å"polluting then cleaning up† at expense of non-recoverable ecological damages and expensive end-of-pipe capital investments to control emissions (Rooney, 1993). A pollution-prevention strategy emphasis on establishing capabilities in production and operation: it can be achieved through extensive and initiative employee involvement (Cole, 1991; Lawler, 1986) and continues improvement in waste reduction. Thus it is necessary to invest into inventing or introducing environmentally-friendly or resource-conserving facilities and innovating technology used in value chain. For example, non-phenolic and resin-coating technology  increase hydraulic fracturing efficiency: It allows coated sand to be produced with less energy requirement and environmental damages compared to current phenolic resins in the manufacturing process (Drilling Contractor, 2013). Building awareness of environmental protection and forcing involvement of employees also should be suggested. The second step is to product stewardship. It refers to direct the selection of raw materials and manage product design with aims at minimising environmental harm of product system. Exiting environmentally hazardous business and developing potential products with lower life-cycle costs should be the requirements to reasonable product management (Hart, 1995). To Shell, creating new products with low life-cycle costs will be dominant product strategy. It requests Shell to minimise the use of non-renewable materials, to avoid use of toxic materials and maximise the use of renewable resources (Robert, 1995). Developing renewable energy is a good choice. Shell is advised to develop wind, solar, hydropower, tidal, geothermal, biomass, landfill gas electricity generation and anaerobic digestion. These green energies not only satisfy legal and public expectations on environmental protection but also solve the problem of fossil fuels crisis. The third step is sustainable development. To achieve sustainable development demands a great deal of inputs and long-term commitments to develop market (Hart, 1995). To Shell, that means to create market demand transition from fossil fuel to renewable source of energies, especially in the developing countries. For example, Shell can make documentaries about production in the fossil fuels field and the renewable energy filed. This comparison might switch audiences’ preference for energies. Shell also can persuade energy-intensive producers to adopt green source of energies. Although there is little evidence showing the relationship between these efforts and short-term profits, the engagement to sustainable development will improvement firms’ long-term performance, reflected by price earnings or market-to-book ratios (Hart, 1995). The second task is to manage crisis, specifically to avoid potential crisis and to minimise the damages. That can be understood a task in protecting social benefits, especially nearby residence around Shell economic activities. There are five phase to accomplish crisis management (Mitroff, 1988). The first phase is signal deletion. Long before the crisis happened, there are repeated and persistent trials of warning signals. It is necessary for Shell to build various appropriate warning systems to identify diverse explicit or implicit signals. For example, the growing equipment faulty rate may imply the increasing possibility of accident and needs for maintenance. The second phase is preparation or prevention, referring to establish appropriate prevention and preparation mechanism. Specifically, prevention and preparation mechanism works through identifying any sign of weakness and then responding appropriately whatever problems is discovered. In this phase, Shell is required to ensure everything stay fixed even it works well now. The third phase is containment or damage limitation. It is important for Shell to build damage-limitation mechanisms in place. Preventing all crises seems impossible in oil and gas industry. How to prevent the harm from engulfing other parts of the corporate should be discussed. After every disaster happens, Shell should release relevant information as soon as possible and also clearly claim corporate responsibility. Although it may cause higher expense of recovery, these measures protect credibility in public, which is important for long-term development. The fourth phase is recovery. If Shell is not anticipatory, the aftermath is requested. That means Shell should build short-term and long-term recovery plan. For instance, in Nigeria Delta, how to degrade toxic substance in soil, air and water, how to recover soil fertility and how to rebuild broken ecosystem, which is highly related to local people’s health need to be considered. The final phase is learning. Shell should reassess the crisis happened on the past to improve capabilities in predicting crisis and avoiding crisis. The third task is to manage the difficulties in globalisation. The challenges are mainly from political difference, cultural distance and economic instability. Thus it is a task to shrink various distances in globalisation to realise economic profits. Political difference and cultural distance create barriers to foreign companies. International alliance and joint venture with powerful local market participant should be a suitable entry mode for Shell in overseas markets (Grant, 2008). It not only free Shell from political restrictions directed against foreign companies but also access market knowledge and distribution capabilities. Another strategy to shrink political and cultural distance is decentralisation. That means giving overseas subsidiaries higher level of freedoms in decision-making. These holders of first-hand information can modify Shell’s activities and respond the diverse political and customers’ requirements quickly and accurately. That is the process of localisation. The effects of economic instability also can be minimised by economic tools. For example, financial forward contracts help Shell avoid financial risks, such as fluctuating foreign exchange rate to guarantee the best possible outcomes in a certain production cycle (Shapiro, ND. Although it cannot balance demand and supply fundamentally, the tools or frameworks tries to decrease damages from external economic changes. Conclusion Royal Dutch Shell was a successful corporation but now is suffering poor performance. In this essay, the author analyses the macro-environment, meso-environment, micro-environment and internal environment in outside-in approach to identify three key challenges in the long-term survival. They are increasing concerns in environmental protection, poor crisis management strategy and various distances in globalisation. They also can be understood the threats from environment, society and economy. Thus corporate social responsibility is the synergy. Environmental profits can be achieved through ppollution abatement, product stewardship and sustainable development; sociall profits can be realised by crisis management, including signal deletion, preparation and prevention, damage limitation, recovery and learning; economic profits can be accomplished by shrinking political, cultural and economic distance through alliance joint venture, decentralised management and leverage by economic tools.